Downhill mountain bike racing requires total body strength, power, and endurance as races last up to five minutes often requiring intermittent bursts of peak wattage output to the pedals while navigating a course littered with obstacles battering the rider with high g-forces requiring immense upper body strength (Hurst et al., 2018). Grip strength endurance has been shown to be the second most influential element of the rider with riding skill being the most important (Chidle

Research article citation:   Wang, W., Wu, D., Wang, H., Zhang, Z., Jiang, X., Li, S., Shi, Y., & Gao, X. (2024). Acute Effects of Breath-Hold Conditions on Aerobic Fitness in Elite Rugby Players. Life (Basel, Switzerland) , 14 (8), 917-. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080917 Let's get right to it. Straight to application on why having half a dozen breath holds during an easy aerobic warmup could supercharge your VO2max transiently for instant benefits in subsequent training

Endurance sports have a risk of the athletes developing intentionally or unintentionally LEA (low energy availability) which has higher prevalence in females, but should we be monitoring males, especially youth males for relative energy deficiency in sport (aka RED-S). An interesting study examined the special energy analysis of youth cyclists in season which occurs during hotter weather for possibility of LEA. By definition LEA is when daily consumption of <30kcal/ kg fat-fr